LivingParcel

Gabrielino

2005-11-17T18:30:00.000-08:00

Also called San Gabrielino, Gabrieleño , or Tongva any of two—and possibly three—dialectally and culturally related North American Indian groups who spoke a language of Uto-Aztecan stock and lived in the lowlands, along the seacoast, and on islands in southern California. The Gabrielino proper inhabited what are now southern and eastern Los Angeles County and northern Orange County, as well as the islands of Santa

Shimabara

2005-10-15T14:25:00.000-07:00

Shimabara

Metabolism

2005-07-26T17:50:00.000-07:00

Living organisms are unique in that they can extract energy from their environments and use it to carry out activities such as movement, growth and development, and reproduction. But how do

Fides

2005-07-24T06:45:00.000-07:00

Roman goddess, the deification of good faith and honesty. Many of the oldest Roman deities were embodiments of high ideals (e.g., Honos, Libertas); it was the function of Fides to oversee the moral integrity of the Romans. Closely associated with Jupiter, Fides was honoured with a temple built near his on the Capitoline Hill in 254 BC. In symbolic recognition of the secret, inviolable

Granite

2005-07-07T08:10:00.000-07:00

Because of its use as paving block and as a building stone, the quarrying of granite was, at one time, a major industrial activity. Except for tombstones, however, for which there

Constantine

2005-07-05T13:45:00.000-07:00

Also called (after 1981) Qacentina , Arabic Blad el-Hawa , Phoenician Cirta city, northeast Algeria. A natural fortress, the city occupies a rocky, diamond-shaped plateau that is surrounded, except at the southwest, by a precipitous gorge through the eastern side of which flows the Rhumel River. The plateau is 2,130 feet (650 m) above sea level and from 500 to 1,000 feet (150 to 300 m) above the riverbed in the gorge. The cliffs of the gorge, at its narrowest, are 15 feet (4.5 m) apart and

Blanqui, (louis-)auguste

2005-06-17T01:45:00.000-07:00

Blanqui's father was a subprefect in the little town of Puget-Théniers in the French Maritime Alps. In 1818 Blanqui

Sun

2005-06-13T20:30:00.000-07:00

The Sun is classified as a G2 V star, with G2 standing for the

Mysticism, Attempts of mystics to record the nature of their experiences

2005-06-02T15:45:00.000-07:00

The theory or interpretation of mysticism is not mysticism. Generally, there are two sides to the theory: philosophical and practical. There may be another: confessional and justificatory. Though some mystics have been content to record what happened, others have worked out manuals of praxis (techniques), or sadhana. As a rule, mystical method, experience, and exegesis

Hardanger Fjord

2005-05-31T10:35:00.000-07:00

Inlet, Hordaland fylke (county), southwestern Norway. The country's second largest fjord and one of the most scenic, it extends inland northeastward for 70 miles (113 km) from Stord Island, at its entrance in the North Sea, to the Hardanger Plateau and has a maximum depth of 2,922 feet (891 m). Majestic mountains (rising to about 5,000 feet), from which pour many magnificent waterfalls, notably the

Brac

2005-05-17T01:40:00.000-07:00

Italian Brazza, rugged, mountainous island in the Adriatic Sea that is part of Croatia. With an area of 149 square miles (395 square km), Brac is one of the larger islands in the Adriatic; it lies southeast of the mainland city of Split. Its maximum elevation, 2,559 feet (780 m), is reached at Vidova Mountain, the highest point in the Adriatic islands. The main occupations of the inhabitants are fishing and agriculture;

Saenredam, Pieter Jansz(oon)

2005-05-14T23:15:00.000-07:00

Saenredam also spelled Zaenredam painter, pioneer of the “church portrait,” and the first Dutch artist to abandon the tradition of fanciful architectural painting in favour of a new realism in the rendering of specific buildings. His paintings of churches show a scrupulous neatness and precision, combined with subtle atmospheric light and tonal unity achieved

Biblical Literature, Letters

2005-03-15T06:58:00.000-08:00

Among the apocryphal letters are: a 2nd-century Epistula Apostolorum (�Epistle of the Apostles�; actually apocalyptic and antiheretical), the Letter of Barnabas, a lost Letter of Paul to the Alexandrians (said to have been forged by followers of Marcion), the late-2nd-century letter called �III Corinthians� (part of the Acts of Paul and composed largely out of the genuine letters

Prichard, H.a.

2005-03-14T19:10:00.000-08:00

Prichard spent most of his life teaching at the University of Oxford, where he was fellow of Hertford College

Pauli, Wolfgang

2005-03-07T08:33:00.000-08:00

When he was 20, Pauli

Voynovich, Vladimir

2005-03-06T19:24:00.000-08:00

After serving in the Soviet army from 1951 to 1955 and attending the Moscow Pedagogical Institute (1957 - 59), Voynovich worked as a skilled labourer and then as an editor of radio programs. He published such well-received fiction as the short story �My

Para�ba

2005-03-05T00:38:00.000-08:00

Also called �Parahyba, or Parahyba Do Norte, � estado (�state�) of northeastern Brazil. Primarily an agricultural state, Para�ba is bounded by the states of Rio Grande do Norte on the north, Cear� on the west, and Pernambuco on the south and by the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Its area is 20,833 square miles (53,958 square km). Its chief river, the Para�ba, rises on the Pernambuco border and enters the Atlantic Ocean near the state capital,

Printmaking, Lift-ground etching (sugar-lift aquatint)

2005-03-04T23:12:00.000-08:00

In lift-ground etching, a positive image is etched on an aquatint plate by drawing with a water-soluble ground. In the conventional aquatint technique, the artist controls the image by stopping out negative areas with varnish, thus working around the positive image. But for lift-ground etching, he uses a viscous liquid (such as India ink, gamboge, or ordinary poster paint

New Albany

2005-03-03T03:23:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1819) of Floyd county, southeastern Indiana, U.S. It lies along the Ohio River (bridged) opposite Louisville, Kentucky. It was founded in 1813 by Joel, Abner, and Nathaniel Scribner, who named the settlement for their hometown, Albany, New York. By the 1840s and early '50s, New Albany had become the largest city in Indiana and an important steamboat-building centre (the famous riverboats

Aum Shinrikyo

2005-03-02T07:29:00.000-08:00

AUM emerged out of Asahara's dissatisfaction

Tz'u-hsi

2005-03-01T13:34:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Cixi, �also called �(Wade - Giles romanization) Hsiao-ch'in, or Hsien Huang-hou, �byname �Empress Dowager� consort of the Hsien-feng emperor (reigned 1850 - 61), mother of the T'ung-chih emperor (reigned 1861 - 75), and adoptive mother of the Kuang-hs� emperor (reigned 1875 - 1908), who dominated the Chinese empire for almost half a century. Ruling through a clique of conservative, corrupt officials, she maintained an iron grip over the Manchu Imperial house (Ch'ing dynasty, 1644 - 1911/12), becoming one

Portugal, Conquest and exploration

2005-02-28T06:22:00.000-08:00

The idea of expansion into Africa was a logical result of the completion of the Reconquest in the peninsula, and the conquest of Ceuta in North Africa (1415) probably provided the impulse toward further expansion. The simple idea of fighting the Muslims on their own soil was linked with more complicated motives: the desire to explore in a scientific sense, the hope of finding

Ojin

2005-02-27T14:41:00.000-08:00

In full� Ojin Tenno, �personal name �Hondawake No Mikoto� semilegendary 15th emperor of Japan, who according to tradition flourished in the 3rd - 4th century. Ojin is believed to have consolidated imperial power, spearheaded land reform, and actively promoted cultural exchanges with Korea and China. It is said that highly skilled weaving techniques were brought from Korea during his reign. Chinese scholars introduced

Huggins, Charles B.

2005-02-26T19:04:00.000-08:00

Huggins was educated at Acadia University (Wolfville, N.S.) and at Harvard

Manawatu-wanganui

2005-02-25T01:13:00.000-08:00

Local government region, southern North Island, New Zealand. It includes a major portion of one of the largest plains of the North Island and encompasses the Whanganui River valley. The region rises northward to the Kaimanawa Mountains and stretches along the Tasman Sea to include the Rangitikei River (noted for its steep-walled gorge) and the Manawatu River. The

Sickles, Daniel Edgar

2005-02-24T00:06:00.000-08:00

Sickles attended the University of the City of New York, later studied law, and in 1846 was admitted to the bar. He immediately

Obraztsov, Sergey Vladimirovich

2005-02-23T18:51:00.000-08:00

The son of a schoolteacher and a railroad engineer, Obraztsov studied painting at the Higher Art and Technical Studios. He became an actor at the Moscow Nemirovich-Danchenko

Turin Faience

2005-02-22T23:39:00.000-08:00

Tin-glazed earthenware made in Turin, Italy, from the 16th century through the 18th. It is known that the Genoese G.G. Bianchi opened a pottery factory in Turin in 1646. In 1725 Giorgio Rossetti expanded Turin's faience industry, in which he was followed by his descendants. Another factory was that of G.A. Ardizzone (flourished 1765). These 18th-century potters produced such wares as faience plates

Papyrus Column

2005-02-21T20:45:00.000-08:00

In Egyptian religion, amulet that conveyed freshness, youth, vigour, and the continuance of life to its wearer. The amulet, made of glazed ware or various types of stone, was shaped like a papyrus stem and bud. Its significance was perhaps derived from its ideographic value (Egyptian wadj, �green, fresh, vigorous�); for, just as the plant itself was vigorous and growing, so also

Insurance, Aviation insurance

2005-02-20T01:42:00.000-08:00

Aviation insurance normally covers physical damage to the aircraft and legal liability arising out of its ownership and operation. Specific policies are also available to cover the legal liability of airport owners arising out of the operation of hangars or from the sale of various aviation products. These latter policies are similar to other types of liability

Kirin

2005-02-19T02:48:00.000-08:00

Chinese (Wade-Giles) �Chi-lin, �(Pinyin) �Jilin, � sheng (province) of the Northeast region of China (formerly called Manchuria). It borders Russia to the east, North Korea to the southeast, the Chinese provinces of Liaoning to the south and Heilungkiang to the north, and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to the west. It has an area of about 72,200 square miles (187,000 square kilometres). The capital is Ch'ang-ch'un.

John, Augustus

2005-02-18T23:18:00.000-08:00

John studied at the Slade School of Fine Art in London from 1894 to 1898. By age 20 he had won a reputation as one of the most brilliant draughtsmen in England. His portraits and other paintings done around 1900 gained attention

Biblical Literature, Textual ambiguities

2005-02-17T03:51:00.000-08:00

The writing called the Letter to the Hebrews, which was known and accepted in the Eastern church by the 2nd century, was included also by the Western church as the 14th Pauline epistle when the canon of East and West was assimilated and fixed in 367. Hebrews has no salutation giving the name of either the writer or the addressees, although it does have a doxology and greeting

Performing Arts, Nordic Countries.

2005-02-16T19:55:00.000-08:00

Finland's Aki Kaurismaki looked, with characteristic wry humour, at the deprived of modern society through the eyes of a man suffering amnesia after a ferocious mugging in Mies vailla menneisyytt� (The Man Without a Past). From Sweden, Lukas Moodysson's Lilja 4-ever was a harrowing portrayal of a young girl, as much abused by the �benefactor� who takes her away to Sweden

Philby, Kim

2005-02-15T16:56:00.000-08:00

While a student at the University of Cambridge, Philby became a Communist and in 1933 a Soviet agent. He worked as a journalist until 1940, when Guy Burgess, a British secret agent who was himself a Soviet double agent, recruited Philby

Joyeuse Entr�

2005-02-14T11:32:00.000-08:00

Most famous is the charter of liberties, confirmed on Jan. 3, 1356, and called the Joyeuse Entr�e, which was presented to the duchy of Brabant (in the Low Countries) by Johanna

Vision

2005-02-13T18:38:00.000-08:00

Physiological process of distinguishing, usually by means of an organ such as the eye, the shapes and colours of objects. See eye; photoreception; sense.

Fu Shen

2005-02-12T04:02:00.000-08:00

Yang Ch'eng (or Yang Hsi-chi), who served the Liang Wu Ti emperor (reigned AD 502 - 549) as a criminal judge in Hunan Province, was deeply disturbed that the ruler was destroying the normal family life of dwarfs by pressing them into

Alkaloid

2005-02-11T01:10:00.000-08:00

Alkaloids are found primarily in plants and are especially common in certain families of flowering plants. More

Acrylic Compound

2005-02-10T14:23:00.000-08:00

Any of a class of synthetic plastics, resins, and oils used to manufacture many products. By varying the starting reagents and the process of forming, a material may be produced that is hard and transparent, soft and resilient, or a viscous liquid. Acrylic compounds are used to make molded structural and optical parts, jewelry, adhesives, coating compounds, and textile

Christian, Fletcher

2005-02-08T01:52:00.000-08:00

A member of a family that had moved from the Isle of Man to Cumberland, Eng., Christian had already served some years in the navy when, in 1787, he became master's mate on the Bounty, a discovery ship sailing (Dec. 23, 1787) from Spithead to the South Seas to collect breadfruit

Abruzzi

2005-02-07T05:54:00.000-08:00

Also called �Abruzzo, � regione, central Italy, fronting the Adriatic Sea and comprising the provincie of L'Aquila, Chieti, Pescara, and Teramo. Most of the region is mountainous or hilly, except for such intermontane basins as those of L'Aquila, Sulmona, and Fucino. The Apennines, the dominant physical feature, consist of three chains trending northwest-southeast, of which the easternmost,

Civil Constitution Of The Clergy

2005-02-06T23:22:00.000-08:00

There was a need to create a new administrative and financial framework for the French Church after the Revolutionary governing body, the National

Nachikufan Industry

2005-02-05T14:26:00.000-08:00

Industry of the African Late Stone Age practiced by hunting-gathering peoples who occupied the wooded plateaus of south-central Africa some 10,000 - 11,000 years ago. The Nachikufan tool industry is characterized by projectiles with several kinds of microlithic heads, heavy stone scrapers that were probably used for working wood and its by-products, flattish stones with centre-bored

Biblical Literature, Prophetic themes and actions

2005-02-04T22:40:00.000-08:00

The first section of the book (chapters 1 - 24) contains prophecies against Judah and Jerusalem. Ezekiel's call is recorded in chapter 1 to chapter 3, verse 15. It came in a vision of four heavenly cherubim, who appeared in a wind from the north, a cloud, and flashing fire (lightning?) - traditional symbolic elements of a theophany (manifestation of a god) in ancient Near Eastern religions.

Leaf-rolling Grasshopper

2005-02-03T17:02:00.000-08:00

Also called �Wingless Cricket� (family Gryllacrididae), any of a group of orthopteran insects that are wingless or nearly wingless and have long cerci and antennae. The California leaf roller (Camptonotus carolinensis), about 15 mm (0.5 inch) long, is active at night, as are other members of this family. The leaf-rolling grasshopper spends the day in a leaf that it rolls and ties with silk; at night the insect

V.c.

2005-02-02T20:33:00.000-08:00

Recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest military award bestowed in Great Britain. See Victoria Cross.

Aegospotami, Battle Of

2005-02-01T21:16:00.000-08:00

(405 BC), naval victory of Sparta over Athens, final battle of the Peloponnesian War. The fleets of the two Greek rival powers faced each other in the Hellespont for four days without battle, until on the fifth day the Spartans under Lysander surprised the Athenians in their anchorage off Aegospotami. Conon, the Athenian commander, escaped with only 20 of his 180 ships, and the 3,000 - 4,000 Athenians

Taejon

2005-01-31T14:13:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Daejeon, � city and provincial capital, Ch'ungch'ong-nam do (province), southeastern South Korea. Taejon has the status of a special city, with administrative status equal to that of a province. Until the end of the Yi dynasty (1392 - 1910) it was a poor village located on the Taejon River. Development began after the juncture of rail lines in 1905 and 1914. It is connected with Seoul (104 miles [167 km] to the north-northeast),

Mountain, The Caribbean chains

2005-01-30T13:58:00.000-08:00

The mountain range along the coast of Venezuela is a remnant of a phase when the Caribbean Sea was subducted southward beneath Venezuela and where rocks were folded along east - west axes. Right-lateral strike-slip faulting and rather slow mountain building occur there today, as much by slight vertical displacement on predominantly strike-slip faults as by slow

Middletown

2005-01-29T20:26:00.000-08:00

City, coextensive with the town (township) of Middletown, Middlesex county, central Connecticut, U.S., on the Connecticut River. Settled by Puritans in 1650 and incorporated as a town in 1651, it occupies the site of the Indian village of Mattabesec (Mattabesett). It was named in 1653 for its position between the upstream towns and the river mouth. The city, chartered in 1784, consolidated with

Terengganu

2005-01-28T14:25:00.000-08:00

Formerly �Trengganu, � traditional region of northeastern West Malaysia (Malaya), bounded by those of Kelantan (north and northwest) and Pahang (south and southwest). It has a 200-mile- (320-kilometre-) long coastline along the South China Sea (east). Terengganu is mentioned in 1365 as a vassal of the Javanese kingdom of Majapahit. The sultanate of Terengganu, ruled by members of the same family since 1701, was under

Pacemaker

2005-01-27T00:48:00.000-08:00

A healthy human heart contains its own electrical conducting system capable of controlling both the rate and the order of cardiac contractions. Electrical impulses are generated at

Eye Disease

2005-01-26T07:38:00.000-08:00

This article briefly describes the more common diseases of the eye and its associated structures, and the methods used in examination and diagnosis; it also indicates the treatment and prognosis. The first part deals with conditions affecting the orbit, lids, and external eye, and the second with

Maastricht

2005-01-25T01:03:00.000-08:00

It was the site of the Roman settlement Trajectum ad

Polish Literature, The literature of Socialist Realism

2005-01-23T14:13:00.000-08:00

During 1949 - 55, the only officially acceptable literature conformed to the Soviet version of Socialist Realism, and those who wrote it followed the dictates of the Communist Party. A new type of hero was created - the ordinary man or woman actively engaged in �productive� work. Those elements in the social scene that served to present an idea of revolutionary progress were

Polanyi, Karl

2005-01-21T05:56:00.000-08:00

In college in Budapest Polanyi founded the radical Club Galilei, which would have far-reaching effects on Hungarian intellectual life. He qualified as a lawyer in 1912 and served as a cavalry officer during World War I. Once back home he founded the Radical Citizens

China, Japanese gains

2005-01-20T23:50:00.000-08:00

With the outbreak of World War I, in August 1914, Japan joined the side of the Allies and seized the German leasehold around Chiao-chou Bay together with German-owned railways in Shantung. China was not permitted to interfere. Then, on Jan. 18, 1915, the Japanese government secretly presented to Y�an the Twenty-one Demands, which sought, in effect, to make China a Japanese dependency.

Playa

2005-01-19T06:43:00.000-08:00

Enclosed basins of salt and clay accumulation may originate from numerous causes. Tectonic causes include faulting, as in the East African Rift Valley and Death Valley, and warping, as in Lake Eyre in Australia, Lake Chad in central Africa, and Shatt al-Jarid (Chott Djerid) in Tunisia. Wind deflation can produce shallow basins with downwind dunes, as in southeastern Australia.

Kiriath-sepher

2005-01-18T03:13:00.000-08:00

Also called �Debir�, or �Lo-debar�, modern �Tall Bayt Mirsham� ancient town of Palestine, located near Hebron (in the Israeli-occupied West Bank). According to the Bible, the town was taken from the Canaanites either by Caleb's son-in-law Othniel or by Joshua himself. Tall Bayt Mirsham (Tell Beit Mirsim) was excavated (1926 - 32) by W.F. Albright, who uncovered exceptionally clear stratification from which he was able to give the first comprehensive

'amr Ibn Al-'as

2005-01-17T11:08:00.000-08:00

A wealthy member of the Banu Sahm clan of the important tribe of Quraysh, 'Amr accepted Islam in 629 - 630. Sent to Oman, in southeastern Arabia, by the Prophet Muhammad, he successfully completed his first mission by converting its rulers to Islam. As the leader of one of the three military forces sent to Palestine by the caliph Abu Bakr, he took

Coal Mining, Mining methods

2005-01-16T16:55:00.000-08:00

Surface techniques can be broadly classified into (1) contour strip mining, (2) area strip mining, (3) open-pit mining, and (4) auger mining.

Gabriel, Ange-jacques

2005-01-15T08:06:00.000-08:00

The most celebrated member of a family of architects, he was the son of Jacques V (1667 - 1742), whom he succeeded as premier architect to Louis XV

Aqhat Epic

2005-01-14T19:28:00.000-08:00

Ancient West Semitic legend probably concerned with the cause of the annual summer drought in the eastern Mediterranean. The epic records that Danel, a sage and king of the Haranamites, had no son until the god El, in response to Danel's many prayers and offerings, finally granted him a child, whom Danel named Aqhat. Some time later Danel offered hospitality to the divine

Ribot, Th�odule-armand

2005-01-13T10:10:00.000-08:00

Ribot received his doctorate from the �cole Normale Sup�rieure.

Narayanan, Kocheril Raman

2005-01-11T08:39:00.000-08:00

Despite his family's poverty and social status, Narayanan's intellect won him a government-sponsored scholarship. After graduating

Mures River

2005-01-10T10:03:00.000-08:00

Hungarian �Maros, � river, rising in the Giurgeu Range in the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, east-central Romania. It cuts a gorge between the Caliman and Gurghiu ranges, crosses the Transylvanian Basin southwestward, and then cuts across the Western Carpathians between the Poiana Ruscai and the Bihoru mountains and emerges onto the Tisa Plain to join the Tisa (Tisza) River at Szeged, Hung.,

Anastasius Iii

2005-01-09T06:03:00.000-08:00

Pope from April or June 911 to 913. Because his pontificate came during a period when Rome was under the control of the house of Theophylactus, he had little authority or freedom of action.

Gaucho Literature

2005-01-08T03:34:00.000-08:00

Spanish American poetic genre that imitates the payadas (�ballads�) traditionally sung to guitar accompaniment by the wandering gaucho minstrels of Argentina and Uruguay. By extension, the term includes the body of South American literature that treats the way of life and philosophy of the itinerant gauchos. Long a part of South American folk literature, gaucho

Oates, Joyce Carol

2005-01-07T02:09:00.000-08:00

Oates studied English at Syracuse University (B.A., 1960) and the University of Wisconsin (M.A., 1961). She contributed short stories to a number of magazines

Carter, Benny

2005-01-06T04:24:00.000-08:00

Carter grew up in New York City and attended Wilberforce College briefly before joining, as alto saxophonist and arranger, a series of

Jacobsen, Josephine

2005-01-05T16:21:00.000-08:00

Soon after her birth, Jacobsen moved with her family from Canada to the United States. She began writing poetry as a child, and her first poem was published when she was 11 years old. Jacobsen was educated by tutors and at the Roland Park Country School in Baltimore,

Vestris, Auguste

2005-01-04T22:58:00.000-08:00

Vestris's greatest roles were in T�l�maque and as Amour in Pierre

Kagamigahara

2005-01-03T01:52:00.000-08:00

City, Gifu ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, east of Gifu city. Upon the Meiji Restoration in 1868, an army base was established in the city. It was taken over by the U.S. Army after World War II and is now used by the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force. The city contains aircraft and transport equipment factories and textile mills. It is included in the Chukyo Industrial Region. Pop. (1989 est.)

Neoevolutionism

2005-01-02T11:23:00.000-08:00

School of anthropological thought concerned with long-term, directional, �evolutionary� culture change and with the regular patterns of development that may be seen in unrelated, widely separated cultures. Neoevolutionist anthropology, a development of the mid-20th century, addresses the relation between the long-term �progressive� change (general evolution) characteristic

France, History Of, Religious tensions

2005-01-01T19:04:00.000-08:00

But it was religious policy that most divided French society and generated opposition to the Revolution. Most priests had initially hoped that sweeping reform might return Roman Catholicism to its basic ideals, shorn of aristocratic trappings and superfluous privileges, but they assumed that the church itself would collaborate in the process. In the Assembly's

Computers, Early history and overviews

2004-12-31T14:46:00.000-08:00

Charles Eames and Ray Eames, A Computer Perspective, ed. by Glen Fleck (1973, reprinted 1990), is a pictorial record of the authors' creation of a computer exhibition for IBM that covered developments from the 1890 U.S. Census up to the stored-program computer, 1890 - 1950.

Devers, Gail

2004-12-30T02:36:00.000-08:00

Devers began running in high school. Later, at the University of California at Los Angeles, she won the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) 100-metre dash in 1988 and set an American record of 12.61 sec in the 100-metre hurdles, which she held or shared

Hlothere

2004-12-29T08:26:00.000-08:00

Hlothere appears to have shared power with his nephew Eadric (Egbert's son); a code of law still extant was issued in their joint names. A quarrel between them caused Eadric either to be banished or to flee the kingdom. He returned with an army of South Saxons,

Cleveland Bay

2004-12-28T06:44:00.000-08:00

The Cleveland Bay is descended

Sunbury

2004-12-26T15:36:00.000-08:00

Town, south-central Victoria, Australia, on the road and rail route between Bendigo and the state capital, Melbourne, 24 miles (39 km) to the southeast. The Aboriginal name for the area was Koora Kooracup, but, when a gold rush to Bendigo began in 1851, a hotel (built on Jacksons Creek to house travelers to the goldfield) was named Sunbury, after Sunbury, Middlesex, England; the town took

Medicine

2004-12-25T10:27:00.000-08:00

Developments in modern medical science have made it possible to detect morbid conditions before a person actually feels the effects of the condition. Examples are many: they include certain forms of cancer; high blood pressure; heart and lung disease; various familial and congenital conditions; disorders of metabolism, like diabetes; and acquired immune deficiency

Lowell, Josephine Shaw

2004-12-24T05:24:00.000-08:00

She was born to wealthy Bostonians who numbered among their friends such well-known figures as James Russell Lowell and Margaret Fuller. Traveling

Ernst, Paul

2004-12-23T08:47:00.000-08:00

Ernst studied for the ministry but quickly became disillusioned with theology. He became a militant Marxist and the editor of the Berliner Volkstrib�ne. He severed his

Zambia, Flag Of

2004-12-22T14:41:00.000-08:00

In 1930 a shield was approved for Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Its black and white wavy vertical stripes represented Victoria Falls on the Zambezi River in traditional heraldic style; the blue chief (upper portion) of the shield featured a gold fish eagle with a silver fish in its claws. The design, first used on the British Blue Ensign as a colonial badge, received approval

Nephridium

2004-12-21T15:51:00.000-08:00

Nephridia occur in two

Ecstasy

2004-12-20T08:36:00.000-08:00

In mysticism, the experience of an inner vision of God or of one's relation to or union with the divine. Various methods have been used to achieve ecstasy, which is a primary goal in most forms of religious mysticism. The most typical consists of four stages: (1) purgation (of bodily desire); (2) purification (of the will); (3) illumination (of the mind); and (4) unification (of one's being or

La Fresnaye, Roger De

2004-12-19T11:48:00.000-08:00

La Fresnaye studied

Prosody

2004-12-18T08:07:00.000-08:00

Ancient critics like Aristotle and Horace insisted that certain metres were natural to the specific poetic genres; thus, Aristotle (in the Poetics) noted that �Nature herself, as we have said, teaches the choice of the proper measure.� In epic verse the poet should use the heroic measure (dactylic hexameter) because this metre most effectively represents or imitates

Frieze

2004-12-17T14:31:00.000-08:00

The frieze in

Biofeedback

2004-12-16T20:20:00.000-08:00

Information supplied instantaneously about an individual's own physiological processes. Data concerning a person's cardiovascular activity (blood pressure and heart rate), temperature, brain waves, or muscle tension is monitored electronically and returned, or �fed back,� to that person by a gauge on a meter, a light, or a sound. Though such activity of the autonomic

Gahnite

2004-12-15T15:51:00.000-08:00

The mineral zinc aluminum oxide, a member of the spinel (q.v.) series.

Mormon

2004-12-14T19:41:00.000-08:00

In western New York state in 1827, during a time of intense religious revivalism, Joseph Smith, Jr., a farmer's son, claimed an angel called Moroni gave him golden plates whose engraved records Smith translated into English as the Book of Mormon - so called after Mormon, an ancient American prophet who had made an abridgment of many previous plates. Smith published the Book

Pacific Islands, Aboriginal groupings

2004-12-13T06:52:00.000-08:00

Natives of the Pacific tend to identify themselves by their home island or their mother tongue, saying, for example, that they are from Nauru or that they speak Fijian. Occasionally, however, they may invoke another, and larger, identity, claiming to be Polynesian, Micronesian, or Melanesian. As a geographic designation this representation has value, but as a mark of racial,

Sal�

2004-12-12T06:10:00.000-08:00

Arabic �Sla, � old walled city on the Atlantic coast of Morocco. It lies at the mouth of the Wadi Bou Regreg, opposite Rabat. Founded in the 10th century, it reached its zenith as a medieval merchant port and entrep�t. After 1627 Sal� - with Rabat as its vassal - became the corsair republic of Bou Regreg and the base for the notorious Sallee Corsairs, the most dreaded of the Barbary pirates; because

Neal, Patricia

2004-12-11T14:07:00.000-08:00

Neal studied theatre at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and then moved to New York City after landing an understudy assignment for the play The Voice of the

Biblical Literature, Division of the land and renewal of the Covenant

2004-12-10T09:39:00.000-08:00

The division of the land among the tribes is recounted in chapters 13 - 22. Two sources were apparently used by the Deuteronomist in dealing with the division of the land: a boundary list from the pre-monarchical period (i.e., before the late 11th century BCE) and a list of cities occupied by several tribes from the 10th to the 7th century BCE. The tribes who occupied territories were: Reuben,

Macomb

2004-12-09T05:49:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1826) of McDonough county, western Illinois, U.S., on the east fork of the La Moine River. Settled by New Englanders in 1829 and originally called Washington, it was laid out (1830) and renamed after General Alexander Macomb, an officer in the War of 1812. The city is the site of Western Illinois University (founded there as a normal school in 1899). The economy is based on light manufacturing

Abauzit, Firmin

2004-12-08T20:06:00.000-08:00

Abauzit was born of Huguenot parents and was sent at age 10 to live in Geneva so that he would escape the strictures (enforced Roman Catholicism) brought about by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. In 1698 he undertook an extensive journey through Germany, the Netherlands,

Asian Development Bank

2004-12-07T16:14:00.000-08:00

(ADB), organization established under the auspices of ESCAP (the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific) that entered into force in August 1966. Thirty �regional� countries of South, Southeast, and East Asia and the South Pacific and 14 �nonregional� countries of western Europe and North America constitute the membership. Each member appoints